At which vertebral levels does the adult spinal cord end?

The adult spinal cord typically ends at the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (L1-L2). This endpoint is referred to as the conus medullaris, where the spinal cord tapers off before transitioning into the cauda equina, a collection of nerve roots extending below this point. In adults, the spinal cord does not extend down to the lower lumbar vertebrae because it generally stops growing in length during adolescence, while the vertebral column continues to grow, leading to the disparity in length between the spinal cord and vertebral column in adults. This anatomical knowledge is crucial for procedures such as lumbar punctures or spinal injections, where practitioners must carefully consider the anatomy to avoid damaging the spinal cord.