What term describes the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass in radiological contexts?

The term that describes the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass in radiological contexts is absorbed dose. Absorbed dose quantifies the energy deposited by ionizing radiation in a given mass of tissue and is typically measured in gray (Gy), where one gray is equivalent to one joule of radiation energy absorbed per kilogram of matter. This concept is crucial in radiology and radiation therapy, as it helps to assess the potential biological effects of radiation on tissues, supporting the safe and effective use of diagnostic imaging and treatments.

In contrast, radiation dosage is a broader term that may encompass various types of dose measurements, while exposure level generally refers to the amount of ionizing radiation in the air, indicating its potential to affect individuals. Energy index is not a standard term used in radiology or radiation science, making absorbed dose the most precise and relevant choice.